Fountain darters require undisturbed stream floor habitats, a mix of submergent plants, clear and clean water, invertebrates for food, constant water temperatures and adequate spring flows. The fountain darter is only found in the Comal and upper San Marcos rivers in Texas.  

The fountain darter was listed as endangered on October 13, 1970 under the Endangered Species Conservation Act of 1969 and then under the Endangered Species Act of 1973. The primary threats to fountain darters are the quality and quantity of aquifer and spring water, including drought conditions and increased groundwater utilization resulting in reductions to or loss of spring flows.  Habitat alternation is also a threat to the species, which can be caused by flooding, dams and recreation. Non-native species can threaten fountain darters though competition, habitat disturbance and parasitic infection. We work with our partners to ensure the springs and groundwater continue to provide clean and healthy freshwater to their microhabitats. We also collaborate with our partners to support the important life history of this species and conduct biological research to address its needs.

Source: USFWS